CONTENTS	5
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	7
	PREFACE	8
	A	13
	Abortion	13
	Abstract review	15
	Administrative law	16
	Affirmative action	17
	African Charter on Human and People’s Rights	18
	Age discrimination	20
	American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)	21
	American Convention on Human Rights	21
	American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man	23
	Amnesty International	24
	Animal rights	24
	Anisminic	25
	A priori review	26
	Arbitrary	26
	Arbitration	26
	Arrest	27
	Arrestable offence	28
	Article 177	28
	Asylum	29
	Aude alteram partem	31
	B	33
	Bear arms	33
	Bentham	34
	Bill of rights	34
	Bill of Rights (UK)	36
	Bill of Rights (USA)	37
	Bills of attainder	37
	Blasphemy	38
	Bloc de constitutionnalite	39
	Broadcast and media rights	40
	Brown v. Board	42
	Bundesverfassungsgericht see…	43
	Burden of proof	43
	Busing	44
	C	45
	Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms	45
	Cardozo	46
	Caution on arrest	47
	Certiorari	48
	Charter 77	48
	Chilling effects	49
	Choice of occupation	50
	Citizenship	50
	Civil liberties	52
	Civil Rights Acts (USA)	52
	Clear and present danger	53
	Collective bargaining	53
	Commission on Racial Equality	54
	Compensation	55
	Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) (see Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)	56
	Conscientious objection	56
	Conseil constitutionnel	57
	Conseil d’Etat	59
	Constitutional borrowing	60
	Contempt of court	60
	Contraception	61
	Counter-majoritarian	61
	Criminal civil liberties	62
	Cruel and unusual punishments	64
	D	66
	Death sentence	66
	De facto discrimination	67
	Declaration	68
	Declaration of Independence (American)	68
	Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen	69
	Degrading punishment	69
	Detention	70
	Development of personality	71
	Disability	72
	Discovery	73
	Discretion	74
	Divisional court	75
	Double jeopardy	75
	Dual citizenship	76
	Due process	77
	Dworkin	78
	E	81
	Entrenchment	81
	Equal opportunities	82
	Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC)	82
	Equal pay	83
	Equal Pay Act	84
	Equal protection	84
	Equal Rights Amendment	86
	European Commission on Human Rights …	86
	European Convention on Human Rights	86
	European Court of Human Rights	88
	European Court of Justice	89
	F	92
	Fair Trial	92
	Federalism	93
	Felony	93
	Fifteenth Amendment	94
	Fifth Amendment	94
	Final Act of the Helsinki Conference	95
	First Amendment	95
	Forced or compulsory labour	97
	Fourteenth Amendment	98
	Fourth Amendment	99
	Fox’s Libel Act	100
	Freedom of assembly	100
	Freedom of association	101
	Freedom of combination	103
	Freedom of conscience	103
	Freedom of expression	104
	Freedom of information	104
	Freedom of movement	106
	Freedom of the press	106
	Freedom of speech	107
	G	109
	General principles of law of civilized nations	109
	Geneva conventions	109
	Genocide	110
	German Constitution	111
	German Constitutional Court	112
	Golden rule	114
	Grotius	114
	Grundgesetz	115
	H	116
	Habeas corpus	116
	Harassment	116
	Hart	118
	Helsinki Accords	119
	Honour	119
	Horizontal effect	119
	Housing rights	121
	Human dignity	121
	Human Rights Act (1998)	122
	Human Rights Committee	124
	Humanitarian intervention	125
	I	127
	Immigration	127
	Imputation	128
	In camera	129
	Inalienable rights	129
	Incorporation	130
	Incorporation of the Fourteenth Amendment	131
	Incorporation thesis	132
	Informational self-determination	133
	Inherently suspect category	134
	Inheritance	134
	Injunction	135
	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	136
	International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights	137
	International Criminal Court	140
	International Labour Organization (ILO)	141
	Internment	142
	Interpretation	143
	Interrogation	145
	Israeli Basic Laws	146
	J	148
	Judge-proofing	148
	Judge’s rules	148
	Judicial review	148
	Judicial review (United Kingdom)	150
	Jury trial	150
	L	153
	Legal aid	153
	Legal certainty	154
	Level of scrutiny	155
	Libel	156
	Liberty	157
	Liberty (the organization)	158
	Liberty of the person	158
	Lochner	159
	Locke	160
	Locus standi	161
	Lustration	162
	M	164
	Magna Carta	164
	Mandamus	164
	Margin of appreciation	165
	Martial law	165
	Minority rights	166
	Miranda warning	167
	Misdemeanour	168
	Mother right	168
	N	169
	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People	169
	National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)	169
	Natural justice in English law	170
	Natural rights	171
	Necessary force	172
	Negative rights	173
	Nemo iudex in parte sua	174
	Nozick	174
	O	176
	Ombudsman	176
	Ordre publique	176
	Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)	177
	P	179
	Paine	179
	Parental rights	179
	Parliamentary Commissioner for Administration (see Ombudsman	180
	Petition of Right	180
	Picket	181
	Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE)	182
	Policy-making in the law	182
	Positive rights	184
	Pre-trial detention	184
	Presumption of innocence	185
	Privacy	186
	Privacy of correspondence	188
	Probable cause	188
	Procedural rights	189
	Property	190
	Proportionality	192
	Public law	193
	Public order	194
	Q	196
	Quasi-judicial	196
	Quotas	197
	R	198
	Race relations acts	198
	Race Relations Amendment Act (2000)	200
	Racial discrimination	201
	Radiating effect	202
	Reasonable time for trial	203
	Reasoned decisions	203
	Refugees (see asylum)	204
	Religious freedom	204
	Representation	206
	Reproductive freedom	207
	Restrictive covenants…	208
	Restrictive interpretation	208
	Retroactivity	209
	Right of petition	210
	Right to counsel	210
	Right to employment	211
	Right to family life	212
	Right to life	213
	Right to marry	214
	Right to silence	215
	Rights jurisprudence	217
	Rights of illegitimate children	217
	S	219
	Security of the person	219
	Sedition	219
	Self-defence	220
	Self-incrimination	220
	Separation of church and state	221
	Sex Discrimination Act	222
	Slavery	224
	States’ rights	224
	States’ rights	225
	Statutory rights	225
	Stop and search	225
	Strict construction	226
	Subpoena	227
	Suffrage…	227
	Sus Law	227
	T	228
	Toleration	228
	Toleration Act	228
	Torture	229
	Transition democracies	230
	Treaty of Rome	231
	Treaty rights	232
	Truth and reconciliation	233
	Tyranny of the majority	234
	U	236
	UN declarations and conventions	236
	Universal Declaration of Human Rights	237
	V	240
	Voting rights	240
	W	242
	Warrant	242
	Warren, Earl	242
	Wednesbury unreasonableness	243
	Welfare rights	244
	Written constitutions	244
	APPENDIX	247
	List of Documents	247
	Magna Carta, 1215	248
	Bill of Rights, 1689 (An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown)	256
	Bill of Rights (USA), 1791	259
	Amendment I	259
	Amendment II	259
	Amendment III	259
	Amendment IV	259
	Amendment V	260
	Amendment VI	260
	Amendment VII	260
	Amendment VIII	260
	Amendment IX	260
	Amendment X	260
	Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 26 August 1789	261
	Article 1	261
	Article 2	261
	Article 3	261
	Article 4	261
	Article 5	262
	Article 6	262
	Article 7	262
	Article 8	262
	Article 9	262
	Article 10	262
	Article 11	263
	Article 12	263
	Article 13	263
	Article 14	263
	Article 15	263
	Article 16	263
	Article 17	263
	Observations on the Declaration of Rights from Thomas Paine, Rights of Man, 1791	264
	Preamble to the Constitution of the French Fourth Republic, 1946	265
	Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949	266
	Preamble	266
	Chapter 1: Basic Rights	267
	Article 1 (Protection of human dignity)	267
	Article 2 (Personal freedom)	267
	Article 3 (Equality before the law)	267
	Article 4 (Freedom of faith, conscience and creed)	267
	Article 5 (Freedom of expression)	267
	Article 6 (Marriage and family, children born outside marriage)	268
	Article 7 (School education)	268
	Article 8 (Freedom of assembly)	269
	Article 9 (Freedom of association)	269
	Article 10 (Privacy of correspondence, posts and telecommunications)	269
	Article 11 (Freedom of movement)	269
	Article 12 (Free choice of occupation or profession, prohibition of forced labour)	270
	Article 12a (Compulsory military or alternative service)	270
	Article 13 (Privacy of the home)	271
	Article 14 (Property, inheritance, expropriation)	271
	Article 15 (Public ownership)	271
	Article 16a (Asylum)	272
	Article 17 (Right of petition)	272
	Article 17a (Restriction of certain basic rights by legislation on defence and alternative service)	273
	Article 19 (Restriction of basic rights)	273
	Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982	273
	Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms	274
	Fundamental Freedoms	274
	Democratic Rights	274
	Mobility Rights	274
	Legal Rights	275
	Equality Rights	276
	Official Languages of Canada	277
	Minority Language Educational Rights	278
	Enforcement	279
	General	279
	Application of Charter	280
	Citation	281
	Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948	281
	Preamble	281
	Article 1	282
	Article 2	282
	Article 3	282
	Article 4	282
	Article 5	282
	Article 6	282
	Article 7	282
	Article 8	283
	Article 9	283
	Article 10	283
	Article 11	283
	Article 12	283
	Article 13	283
	Article 14	284
	Article 15	284
	Article 16	284
	Article 17	284
	Article 18	284
	Article 19	284
	Article 20	285
	Article 21	285
	Article 22	285
	Article 23	285
	Article 24	285
	Article 25	286
	Article 26	286
	Article 27	286
	Article 28	286
	Article 29	287
	Article 30	287
	International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966	287
	Preamble	287
	Part I	288
	Article 1	288
	Part II	288
	Article 2	288
	Article 3	289
	Article 4	289
	Article 5	289
	Part III	290
	Article 6	290
	Article 7	290
	Article 8	290
	Article 9	291
	Article 10	291
	Article 11	292
	Article 12	292
	Article 13	292
	Article 14	292
	Article 15	293
	Article 16	294
	Article 17	294
	Article 18	294
	Article 19	294
	Article 20	295
	Article 21	295
	Article 22	295
	Article 23	295
	Article 24	296
	Article 25	296
	Article 26	296
	Article 27	296
	International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights	297
	Preamble	297
	Part I	297
	Article 1	297
	Part II	298
	Article 2	298
	Article 3	298
	Article 4	298
	Article 5	298
	Part III	299
	Article 6	299
	Article 7	299
	Article 8	300
	Article 9	300
	Article 10	300
	Article 11	301
	Article 12	301
	Article 13	302
	Article 14	303
	Article 15	303
	Part IV	303
	Article 16	303
	Article 17	304
	Article 18	304
	Article 19	304
	Article 20	304
	Article 21	305
	Article 22	305
	Article 23	305
	Article 24	305
	Article 25	305
	Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984	306
	Part I	306
	Article 1	306
	Article 2	307
	Article 3	307
	Article 4	307
	Article 5	307
	Article 6	308
	Article 7	308
	Article 8	308
	Article 9	309
	Article 10	309
	Article 11	309
	Article 12	310
	Article 13	310
	Article 14	310
	Article 15	310
	Article 16	310
	Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989	311
	Preamble	311
	Part 1	312
	Article 1	312
	Article 2	312
	Article 3	313
	Article 4	313
	Article 5	313
	Article 6	313
	Article 7	313
	Article 8	314
	Article 9	314
	Article 10	314
	Article 11	315
	Article 12	315
	Article 13	315
	Article 14	316
	Article 15	316
	Article 16	316
	Article 17	316
	Article 18	317
	Article 19	317
	Article 20	318
	Article 21	318
	Article 22	318
	Article 23	319
	Article 24	320
	Article 25	320
	Article 26	320
	Article 27	321
	Article 28	321
	Article 29	322
	Article 30	322
	Article 31	323
	Article 32	323
	Article 33	323
	Article 34	323
	Article 35	324
	Article 36	324
	Article 37	324
	Article 38	324
	Article 39	325
	Article 40	325
	European Convention on Human Rights, 1950	326
	Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms	327
	Article I	327
	Section 1	327
	First Protocol, 1952	332
	Protocol No 4: Securing Certain Rights and Freedoms Other Than Those Already Included in the Convention and in the First Protocol Thereto	333
	European Social Charter, 1965	333
	Preamble	334
	Part I	334
	Hungarian Constitution, 1949	335
	Chapter XII: Fundamental Rights and Duties	335
	Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms (Czechoslovakia), 1991	342
	Chapter One: General Provisions	343
	Chapter Two: Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms	344
	Chapter Three: Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities	349
	Chapter Four: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights	349
	Chapter Five: Right to Judicial and Other Legal Protection	351
	Chapter Six: Joint Provisions	353
	Israeli Basic Laws	354
	Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty, 1992 (amended 1994)	354
	Basic Law: Freedom of Occupation (1994)	355
	South African Bill of Rights, 1996	357
	Chapter 2: Bill of Rights	357
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